Определение эксплуатационных показателей трактора «Беларус-922» при работе на смесевом топливе
Ключевые слова:
эксплуатационные показатели, смесевое топливо, рапсовое масло, тяговые испытания, агротехнические требования
Аннотация
Введение. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения вли-
яния смесевого топлива, состоящего из дизельного топлива и рапсового масла, на
эксплуатационные показатели трактора при выполнении сельскохозяйственных
операций. Целью исследования является получение количественных показателей
трактора «Беларус-922» с применением смесевого топлива, состоящего из дизель-
ного топлива и рапсового масла, при выполнении сельскохозяйственных операций.
Материалы и методы. Для достижения цели в производственных условиях прове-
дены эксплуатационные исследования трактора с установленным на него комплек-
том приборов и оборудования.
Результаты исследования. Впервые получены количественные эксплуатационные
показатели трактора «Беларус-922» при его работе на чистом дизельном или смесе-
вом топливе, состоящем из 60 % дизельного топлива и 40 % рапсового масла, во вре-
мя выполнения вспашки и предпосевной обработки почвы. Анализ данных показал,
что изменение удельных эксплуатационных показателей трактора при выполнении
сельскохозяйственных операций во время его работы на смесевом и дизельном то-
пливе является неоднозначным. В ходе вспашки увеличились следующие значения:
Gт – с 11,86 до 12,54 кг/га, количество NOx – с 344,4 до 373,2 г/га, CO – с 136,9
до 137,1 г/га; при этом количество C уменьшилось с 11,2 до 8,04 г/га. Во время
выполнения предпосевной обработки почвы значения Gт и NOx увеличились с 4,61
до 4,86 кг/га и с 137,9 г/га до 151 г/га соответственно; CO и C уменьшились с 60,7
до 45,6 г/га и с 6,52 до 4,04 г/га соответственно.
Обсуждение и заключения. Полученные результаты доказывают целесообразность
применения смесевого топлива для улучшения эксплуатационных показателей трак-
тора «Беларус-922» при выполнении сельскохозяйственных операций.
Литература
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10.1590/S1413-70542008000500035
24. Neel C., Johnson D., Wardlow G. Performance, efficiency, and NOx emissions of a compact diesel
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Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008. 2008. Vol. 3. P. 1517–1525. DOI: https://doi.org/
10.13031/2013.24617
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blends_in_an_agricultural_tractor/links/54d8f6a00cf25013d040a8fc/Fuel-efficiency-and-exhaustemissions-
for-biodiesel-blends-in-an-agricultural-tractor.pdf
26. Exhaust emissions and health effects of particulate matter from agricultural tractors operating on
rapeseed oil methyl ester / J. Krahl [et al.] // AOCS, journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 2002.
Vol. 79, no. 7. P. 717–724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0548-9
program / P. Bonnel [et al.]. Luxemburg : Publications Office of the European Union. 2013. P. 45. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2789/18679
2. Exhaust emission tests from non-road vehicles conducted with the use of PEMS analyzers /
J. Merkisz [et al.] // Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc. Maintenance and Reliability. 2013. Vol. 15, no. 4.
P. 364–368. URL: http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-f83556b7-4117-
4b0e-8f71-b123ceb52467
3. Reckleben Y., Trefflich S., Thomsen H. Auswirkung der Abgasnormen auf den Kraftstoffverbrauch
von Traktoren im praktischen Einsatz // Landtechnik. Agricultural Engineering. 2013. Vol. 68, no. 5.
P. 322–326. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15150/lt.2013.245
4. Comparison of real-world emissions of B20 biodiesel versus petroleum diesel for selected nonroad
vehicles and engine tiers / H. Frey [et al.] // Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation
Research Board. 2008. Vol. 2058, Issue 1. P. 33–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3141/2058-05
5. Real world emissions of in use off-road vehicles in Mexico / M. Zavala [et al.] // Journal of the Air
& Waste Management Association. 2017. Vol. 67, no. 9. P. 958–972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10962
247.2017.1310677
6. Performance of an agricultural engine using mineral diesel and ethanol fuels / M. S. Farias [et al.] //
Ciência Rural. 2017. Vol. 47, no. 3. e20151387. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151387
7. Performance of an agricultural engine using blends of diesel and ethanol / J. S. Estrada [et al.] //
Ciência Rural, 2016. Vol. 46, no. 7. P. 1200–1205. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150469
8. An investigation of engine and fuel system performance in a diesel engine operating on waste cooking
oil / Y. Ulusoy [et al.] // International Journal of Green Energy. 2014. Vol. 13, Issue 1. P. 40–48. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2014.909360
9. Emission reductions studies of a biodiesel engine using EGR and SCR for agriculture operations
in developing countries / C. Solaimuthu [et al.] // Applied Energy. 2015. Vol. 138. P. 91–98. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.023
10. Tractor performance in function of storage period and different proportions of biodiesel and diesel
/ M. C. J. Oliveira [et al.] // Australian Journal of Crop Science. Vol. 9, Issue 10. 2015. P. 909–914.
URL: https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=659741743754818;res=IELHSS
11. Comparison of the operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine using rapeseed oil
methyl ester and hydrogenated oil / M. Pexa [et al.] // Agronomy Research. 2015. Vol. 13, no. 2. P. 613–620.
URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stepanka_Hornickova/publication/281894273_Comparison_
of_the_operating_characteristics_of_the_internal_combustion_engine_using_rapeseed_oil_methyl_ester_
and_hydrogenated_oil/links/56acea1c08ae19a385140346/Comparison-of-the-operating-characteristics-
of-the-internal-combustion-engine-using-rapeseed-oil-methyl-ester-and-hydrogenated-oil.pdf
12. Influence of butanol and FAME blends on operational characteristics of compression ignition
engine / J. Čedík [et al.] // Agronomy Research. 2015. Vol. 13, no. 2. P. 541–549. URL: http://
agronomy.emu.ee/vol132/13_2_31_B5.pdf
13. Kardas P., Wrobel R. The analysis of the manufacturing and using alternative fuel – a mixture
of rapeseed oil and alcohol // Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2014. Vol. 15, no 1. P. 1–5. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993.1084161
14. Bietresato M., Friso D. Durability test on an agricultural tractor engine fuelled with pure biodiesel
(B100) // Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2014. Vol. 38, no. 2. P. 214–223. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1302-51
15. Effects of fossil diesel and biodiesel blends on the performances and emissions of agricultural tractor
engines / M. D.Tomić [et al.] // Thermal Science. 2017. Vol. 17, no. 1. P. 263–278. DOI: https://doi.org/
10.2298/TSCI111122106T
16. Al-lwayzy S. H., Yusaf T. Chlorella protothecoides microalgae as an alternative fuel for tractor
diesel engines // Energies. 2013. Vol. 6. P. 766–783. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en6020766
17. Volpato C. E. S. Analysis of effective power and reduced, rotational force, specific and hourly
consumption of fuel, efficiency term-mechanics and volumetric for an agricultural tractor fed with fossil
diesel and two types of biofuels // American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International
Meeting. 2013. Vol. 5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131619419
18. Al-lwayzy S. H., Yusaf T., Jensen T. Evaluating tractor performance and exhaust gas emissions
using biodiesel from cotton seed oil // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2012.
Vol. 36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/36/1/012042
19. Use of waste cooking oil biodiesel in a tractor DI diesel engine / A. Mohebbi [et al.] // Journal of
Food, Agriculture and Environment. 2012. Vol. 10, no. 2. P. 1290–1297. URL: https://www.researchgate.
net/profile/Samad_Jafarmadar/publication/266890415_Use_of_waste_cooking_oil_biodiesel_in_a_tractor_
DI_diesel_engine/links/549a57320cf2fedbc30cb46a.pdf
20. Performance of an agricultural tractor engine in dynamometer with chicken oil biodiesel and binary
mixtures with diesel oil / D. A. Fiorese [et al.] // Ciência Rural. 2012. Vol. 42, no. 4. P. 660–666. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782012000400013
21. Gokalp B., Buyukkaya E., Soyhan H. S. Performance and emissions of a diesel tractor engine
fueled with marine diesel and soybean methyl ester // Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011. Vol. 35, no. 8.
P. 3575–3583. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.05.015
22. Determination of the effect of biodiesel use on power take-off performance characteristics of an
agricultural tractor in a test laboratory /Aybek A. // Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2011.
Vol. 35, Issue 2. P. 103–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0907-242
23. Desempenho comparativo de um motor de ciclo diesel utilizando diesel e misturas de biodiesel /
R. L. Barbosa // Ciência e Agrotecnologia. 2008. Vol. 32, no 5. P. 1588-1593. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/
10.1590/S1413-70542008000500035
24. Neel C., Johnson D., Wardlow G. Performance, efficiency, and NOx emissions of a compact diesel
tractor fueled with D2, B20, and B100 under steady-state loads // American Society of Agricultural and
Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2008. 2008. Vol. 3. P. 1517–1525. DOI: https://doi.org/
10.13031/2013.24617
25. Fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions for biodiesel blends in an agricultural tractor / Y. X. Li
[et al.] // Canadian Biosystems Engineering. 2005. Vol. 48. P. 2.15–2.22. URL: https://www.researchgate.
net/profile/Neil_Mclaughlin2/publication/228412224_Fuel_efficiency_and_exhaust_emissions_for_biodiesel_
blends_in_an_agricultural_tractor/links/54d8f6a00cf25013d040a8fc/Fuel-efficiency-and-exhaustemissions-
for-biodiesel-blends-in-an-agricultural-tractor.pdf
26. Exhaust emissions and health effects of particulate matter from agricultural tractors operating on
rapeseed oil methyl ester / J. Krahl [et al.] // AOCS, journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 2002.
Vol. 79, no. 7. P. 717–724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-002-0548-9
Опубликован
2019-04-18
Раздел
Технологии и средства технического обслуживания в сельском
